• efficient way to add surface detail
• pastes an elastic photograph onto a surface
• used to modify colour, normals, ...
• requires prefiltering

Coordinate Systems

Shape of Filter Kernel 

Fast Convolution for Texture Maps

• usually box filter
• quickly sum texels within filter kernel (preferably constant time)
• summed-area tables
• MIP maps

Bump Mapping

• creates impression of small surface features
• wrinkles, dimples, etc. -- orange peel
• perturbs surface normal, affecting local illumination
• silhouette edges don't have bumps, no shadows from bumps

Volumetric Textures

• wood, marble
• colour = f(x,y,z)